Saudi Arabia remains the primary focus for potential new recognition of Israel by year-end, though talks remain stalled over Palestinian statehood requirements and regional security tensions. Recent Houthi attacks on Saudi infrastructure have prompted limited back-channel military coordination via U.S. mediation, but Riyadh has shown no shift from conditioning normalization on progress toward a two-state framework. Syria’s post-2025 government has pursued security arrangements with Israel, yet formal recognition faces significant internal and Arab League hurdles. Smaller diplomatic gestures, such as additional embassy relocations to Jerusalem by countries already recognizing Israel, continue without expanding the roster of formal recognizers. The roughly two dozen non-recognizing states, concentrated in the Arab League and Organization of Islamic Cooperation, show limited momentum for change before December 31 amid ongoing conflicts and sanctions dynamics.