South Dakota Constitutional Amendment J, a legislatively referred measure clarifying that only U.S. citizens may vote, appears on the November 3, 2026 ballot after strong legislative approval in a Republican-controlled state. The constitution already lists citizenship among voting qualifications, and the amendment adds explicit disqualification language for noncitizens, aligning with similar provisions approved in multiple states during 2024. Recent state laws requiring documentary proof of citizenship for new registrants and isolated past registration errors have reinforced focus on election integrity measures. Traders assign high probability to passage given South Dakota’s partisan makeup, the absence of major organized opposition, and consistent voter support for such clarifications in comparable referendums.