Pakistan’s military has conducted multiple calibrated airstrikes inside Afghanistan in late September and early October 2026, targeting alleged TTP and affiliated militant hideouts in provinces including Kunar and Helmand, following high-casualty attacks inside Pakistan such as the September 18 Kohat incident. These operations form part of the broader Operation Ghazab lil-Haq amid Islamabad’s accusations that Afghan Taliban authorities provide sanctuary to thousands of TTP fighters, enabling cross-border infiltration and terrorism. Recent border clashes, including an October 11 exchange in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa that killed militants and Afghan Taliban personnel, underscore persistent tensions along the Durand Line. Pakistan has issued formal warnings urging Kabul to dismantle these networks, while diplomatic channels remain strained and civilian casualties reported by Afghan and UN sources add friction. Continued militant attacks or Taliban inaction could sustain pressure for further limited strikes, though full-scale escalation faces regional and logistical constraints.