Iran and its proxies, particularly Yemen’s Houthis, have conducted repeated ballistic missile and drone strikes on Gulf Arab states including Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Bahrain, Kuwait, and Jordan since the escalation of US-Israel military operations against Iran in late February 2026. These actions target infrastructure and sites linked to US forces, with fresh Houthi attacks on Riyadh’s airport in mid-October killing civilians and prompting Saudi investigations and aviation warnings. Tehran has framed such operations as responses to aggression while simultaneously issuing diplomatic calls for talks with Riyadh and warning neighbors against hosting attacks. Arab foreign ministers have issued joint condemnations, and the pattern of strikes on energy facilities and military assets continues to shape assessments of further Iranian or proxy actions against Arab targets in the near term.